IBPS Exam Case Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1564 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? (GlaxoSmithKline) is one of the worlds largest drug companies and size can matter in this industry. This case explores the competitive benefits of larger size and how GSK is using them to tackle twin strategic challenges now facing the industry. Background Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "IBPS Exam Case Study" essay for you Create order Over the past 20 years, pharmaceuticals have become increasingly expensive to develop typically, costing around US$500 million, spread over several years, for one major drug. After development, these drugs need to be marketed to customers such as doctors,hospitals and government health services for example, several thousand specialist sales personnel may be required for such a task in the North American market alone. To support such activities, substantial cash resources are important. In addition, world ,alliances and other connections between manufacturers can also be highly beneficial: drug companies can use these to support areas where they are both weak geographically and have gaps in their product development programmes. From the size perspective, it helps to have substantial resources. But this does not explain why even large companies have chosen to become larger over the past five years. For example, the Swedish company Astra merged with the UK company Zeneca and the French company Rhone-Poulenc joined together with part of the German company Hoechst to form Aventis during 1998/99. Over this time, half the worlds largest drug companies announced either mergers or takeovers of fellow companies. Some strategists would argue that if all the companies become larger then no drug company has developed any competitive advantage over another. The benefit cannot simply be size alone. It is necessary to examine the individual competitive resources of each company to see what size delivers. To explore this, we need to look separately at the two merger candidates in the case in question Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham. Competitive resources at Glaxo Wellcome During the period 1980-95, Glaxo (as it was called then) was highly dependent on its patented drug, Zantac, which is used for treating stomach ulcers. For example, in 1994 this one drug alone accounted for 44 per cent of the companys sales and 50 per cent of its profits. In the early 1990s, Zantac was the single biggest selling drug in the world and its ownership by Glaxo was a major strategic resource. But this substantial strength faced two threats. First, the patents would begin to expire in 1997 and allow any company to manufacture and market the drug, thus reducing the profit margins that Glaxo was able to charge. Secondly, a new rival drug, Losec, was introduced to health authorities in 1993-94 by the Swedish company Astra Pharmaceuticals. Losec was claimed to be even more effective than Zantac. Glaxo knew the seriousness of such a competitive threat because its own drug, Zantac, had wiped the floor with an earlier rival in the mid 1980s, namely Tagamet, from the pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham. Faced with these twin threats, Glaxo needed a new resource strategy. Given the time lag in developing new drugs, Glaxo used its existing resource strength the profitability of Zantac to acquire two existing drug companies. Wellcome (UK) was bought in 1995 for US$13.5 billion. This delivered a whole new range of patented drugs into the Glaxo portfolio, including the anti-AIDS drug Retrovir and the anti-viral drug Zovirax. In addition, the US company Affymax was bought for US$533 million. The latter company was developing a range of genetic products whose benefits would be truly revolutionary, if successful. In addition to acquiring drugs from the two new companies, Glaox gained other resource benefits from these purchases. The acquisition allowed Glaxo to combine its RD team with that of Wellcome, saving 1800 jobs and the labour costs associated with this. In addition, 3000 jobs were lost in manufacturing by combining various plants and 2600 jobs were lost in marketing and administration. In total, around US$1 billion cost savings were achieved. But it was not all good news: the patents on the top-selling drug Zovirax were due to expire from 1997 onwards (patents have roughly a ten year life from first registration). Competitive resources of SmithKline Beecham It was the loss of profits from Tagamet mentioned above that forced its makers, the American company SmithKline, to seek a merger with the UK company Beecham in the late 1980s. Nevertheless, the new company had proceeded to develop many new, patented drugs over the succeeding ten years to the late 1990s. It had also exploited its range of branded medicines sold directly to the general public with higher profit margins than were available on many pharmaceuticals. By 1998, the company was particularly strong in anti-depressants, vaccines, antibiotics and diabetes medicines. Merger failure in 1998 and success in 2000 In 1998, Glaxo Wellcome explored merging the company with SmithKline Beecham. This would have transformed the resource capability of the two companies because they both had different areas of product strength in the drugs market, and the duplication of some facilities and services could have been eliminated. But the merger did not take place. The two companies clashed over two matters: the style of negotiation and the proposed new management structure. The cultures of the two companies were so different that the merger discussions themselves became difficult for example, they were so bad that participants never even had lunch together. In addition, there were differences between the two chief executives and other senior managers over their respective roles in the merged company. The result was that the merger never took place and the substantial resource benefits were never achieved. In the face of increased competition and the cost of drug development, the pressure to consolidate remained. What made the difference was that the some of the senior managers involved in the abortive talks in 1998 decided to retire, allowing the two companies to merge in year 2000. As a result, the combined company was able to employ an enhanced research budget of over US$4 billion in 2002. Annual cost savings of US$750 million were achieved: this was ahead of earlier expectations. It had a sales team in North America alone of over 7500 people. The two product ranges from the two companies complemented each other, with some minor overlap. The company had a global market share of over 7 per cent. This might appear small but the company dominated some segments of the world drug market. GSK turnover by geographical area 2004 USA 49% Europe 30% Rest of World 21% USA Europe Rest of World Twin Strategy challenges of the new millennium The increased size of the company delivered a diverse product range in terms of geographical spread and product portfolio. But the company faced two major strategic challenges in the new millennium: Some of its leading drugs would run out of patents protection, allowing generic varieties of the same drug to be made and sold much more cheaply. This was a major threat to companies like GSK that invested heavily in new drugs and then relied on a high profit margin stream to pay for the drug development costs. The generic drug companies were picking off major drugs as they came out of patent and marketing cheap, reliable, copies at much lower prices. The new company had only a limited supply of new patented drugs in its pipeline. All drugs have to go through a period of rigorous testing procedures over several years. Inevitably, there would be failures during the tests, so it was essential to have a good pipeline of new drugs. GSK turnover by product type 2004 27% 20% 14% 9% 7% 7% 5% 5% 6% Respiratory Central Nervous System Anti-Virals/HIV Anti-Bacterials Metabolic Vaccines Oncology and Emesis Cardiovascular and Urogenital Others When the GSK chief executive took over in 2000, he made a detailed study of the companys drug pipeline. He concluded: We had an empty cupboard. He therefore set about creating a new vibrant research and development regime in the company. He regarded this as being crucial to the long-term future of any major pharmaceutical company. It would counteract the effects of the generic drug companies and would ensure continued growth at GSK. He recognised that the danger for a large company like GSK was to make its research and development large and bureaucratic: the small bioengineering companies had been more successful in recent years. Hence, with his new research director, Tachi Yamada, he set up seven centres of excellence for drug discovery (CEDDs) in Europe and the USA. Size was getting in the way, explained Mr Yamada. In the bureaucracy, traditional biotechnology expertise was forgotten. Very few companies believed that they were failing in the 1990s. Most are just beginning to realize how bad it is. The GSK solution was to set up seven CEDD teams, each no more than 300 strong and multidisciplinary in make-up. Each team had its own library, research facilities, even its own financial director. The smaller structure means that there were fewer reporting layers so that ,research can be started and stopped more quickly. One of Mr. Yamadas colleagues explained Before we could be stuck for years with a project that was no viable becausethe visibility was not there..[Now] we can give a Go/No decision within six months .For many of our competitors, that takes two years. But the results of this massive re-organisation were not yet complete in early 2005. the companys turnover had continued to increase and it was making progress in terms ofnew product development: RD productivity metrics were showing success in terms of drug developments in the pipeline. However, as the chief executive, Mr Garnier stressed at that time We are not claiming victory yet.

Essay on Fate of the Passionate in Virgils Aeneid

Virgil’s The Aeneid, to this day, remains one of the most influential epics to ever grace the merciless limitations of manuscript, inspiring, in pop culture as well as literature, an onslaught of themes, mythology, values, and the general sense of what a hero must be-or do- in order to overcome the obstacles of the gods and man. Written somewhere between 29 and 19 BC, consisting of twelve books (although never completely finished), The Aeneid takes us through the turbulent journeys and prophesied triumphs of Aeneas, a warrior and man bound by piety and destiny. Like usual, in every great epic, there are many battles: heads gashed open and gore galore; however, to say that this†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, but not unexpected, Creusa, being left behind in the rear, disappears; and, before he leaves, she reappears before Aeneas in spirit. It is only then that he realizes that she had been killed in their hasty withdraw: his first, or so the manuscript reveals to m e, loss of heart and love. Now, relating to Aeneas, and possibly to Virgil, I can’t help but feel the pain in Aeneas’s reflection on that particular scene: She spoke and faded into the insubstantial air, leaving me there in tears and longing to reply. Three times I tried to put my arms around her neck. Three times her phantom melted in my arms, as weightless as the wind, as light as the flight of sleep. (47) When I left to join the Army, four or five years ago, I felt the same way about leaving my love behind, my fiancà ©e, and judging by the words above, regardless of whether or not they are archaic, they hold my memory and pain of leaving; however, unlike Aeneas, my love didn’t die. She just abandoned me when it was time for me to leave, the ghost of her face lingering in my minds eye and the scent of her perfume forever embedded within my flesh. As Aeneas continues to explain his journey to Dido, describing his wanderings, he fails to mention Creusa any furt her, probably for two reasons: one, Virgil saw that the particular plot device had served itsShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid is a poem written by the ancient Roman poet Virgil during the height of the Roman900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Aeneid is a poem written by the ancient Roman poet Virgil during the height of the Roman Augustan age. The poem highlights the resiliency, bravery, and selflessness of Aeneas, a Trojan hero who leads his people away from Troy and on a journey to eventually found Rome. In the Aeneid, Virgil asserts the importance of one’s commitment to duty, and this assertion reveals that ancient Romans valued and admired one’s commitment to duty above all other character traits. In the beginning of Virgil’sRead MoreThe Theme of Ultimate Victory in The Aeneid 1800 Words   |  8 PagesTHESIS STATEMENT In the epic poem The Aeneid, Virgil stressed the theme of ultimate victory over defeat through Aeneas’ adventures to Italy. PURPOSE STATEMENT Through the analysis of the text and critical analyses of the Aeneid, it is true that Aeneid is ultimately the victor in this war for freedom. INTRODUCTION Imagine you were a well- recognized noble; you had everything you could ever possibly want. Then imagine sudden defeat. You are no longer a noble, but a fugitive. There seemsRead More Essay on Fate and Human Responsibility in the Aeneid2525 Words   |  11 PagesFate and Human Responsibility in the Aeneid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚               If youre going to write an epic about great heroism, dont use the Aeneid as your primary guide. Its not that heroism cant be found in the Aeneid, its just hard to prove. First off, Virgil writes a story in a fatalistic universe, wherein every action and every event is under Jupiters divine thumb .   Fatalism is all-pervading in Virgil . . . in it [the Aeneid] the words fatum and fata occur some 120 times (Bailey 204). And inRead MoreFate in The Aeneid Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesto understand in old world literature, from Homeric epics to Virgils work, The Aeneid, what the relation of fate is to the Pantheon of gods. There seems to be an ongoing debate within the texts discussing whether fate is the supreme ruling force in the universe and the controlling element of the lives of men, or whether fate is the will of the king of gods, Jupiter. In, The Aeneid, several situations and instances of the use of fate are presented to the reader. The direction and destinati on ofRead MoreEssay about Antony and Cleopatra and The Aeneid1870 Words   |  8 Pagesreasons why The Aeneid is associated with the Shakespearean play Antony and Cleopatra. First, The Aeneid was written by a Roman named Virgil who, among many other reasons, wrote it as a tribute for Augustus Caesar, the leader of the Roman Empire. Augustus Caesar was formally named Octavian and is a character in Shakespeares play. Secondly, both The Aeneid and Antony and Cleopatra share a common theme of a patriotic, heroic man having to choose between duty to his country and the passionate love of a beautifulRead MoreLove In Virgils Aeneid1299 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough a woman, or through the soul, by giving birth in virtue. In Virgil’s Aeneid, however, love is not this complex. Although love can involve the desire for good, as seen in Aeneas wanting his family, and the Trojan people especially, to prosper in the future, it can also act as a robber of rational thought, motivating peop le to act with uncontrollable passion, (as depicted again by Aeneas at the end of the Aeneid.) Looking at the Aeneid, the first instance of Diotima’s description of love and reproductionRead MoreSocrates Sense Of Virtue Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesvirtuous character was widely renowned, earning him a place in history as an example of the ideal Roman character. The notion of pietas drives Aeneas’ actions throughout Virgil’s Aeneid: he strives to uphold his duties and responsibilities to his family, his community, and, perhaps most importantly, the gods. At its beginning, the Aeneid describes him as â€Å"a man of faultless devotion† (Aen. 1.14). As Aeneas recounts the end of the Trojan War and his journey to Carthage, his actions confirm his identityRead MoreThe Aeneid By Virgil Between 29 And 19 Bc1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe Aeneid is an epic poem written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC. This works tells of the Trojan hero Aeneas and his journey from Troy to Italy to settle a new city for his people. The first half of the book entails Aeneas m aking his way to Italy while the second half describes the battle between the Latins and the Trojans. Both of these endeavors require the hero of the story to have a motivated disposition. These motivations come in the form of depictions of Roman history. The two significantRead MoreEros : Female Souls Thriving And Crumbling1735 Words   |  7 PagesEros: Female Souls Thriving and Crumbling The term â€Å"Eros,† referring to passionate love in English, has long been the mainstream of themes in drama, literature, arts, and cinematic media. The fascinating power of love has been exhaustively publicized, and the pursuit of love is diffused in streets and lanes. Conversely, in ancient times, many poets, especially Virgil, Ovid and Apuleius, described eros as such an evil spirit that it will destroy the female soul thoroughly, except for the one inRead MoreRepresentation Of A Cynical Outlook On Women1259 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Virgil s The Aeneid, Aeneas conflicts between pietas and furor, in which several female characters influence his transition into the Roman leader whose virtue seeks duty towards the gods, family, and empire. In this epic, major woman roles such as Dido and Juno demonstrate raging qualities of furor that clash with Aeneas’ founding of Rome. These foil characters ravage Aeneas’ identity throughout his journey, and underli ne the misogynistic cultural views of Virgil’s era. However, this paper

Manufacturing Process free essay sample

Tool post spanner For making adjustments to the tools Chuck key Used for tightening or loosening the bolts on the chuck Parting tool To remove finished parts. Procedure †¢We took a mild steel round 25*80 mm long piece and set it in the chuck with the required length by the use of chuck key. †¢Then marked the job as per given measurements with the help of steel rule and calipers. †¢Did the steps and cut edges with the help of side cutting tool. †¢Repeated the procedure 1 to 4 for mild steel round 25*50mm †¢Went to drilling process, and made 10 mm of diameter for mild steel 25*80. Did the free and plane operations and finish the job as per given sketch. Calculations required The calculations are for both turning and drilling. We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page turning N = speed in revolutions/minute (RPM) k = speed (V) and part diameter (Di ) V = needed cutting speed D1= is largest part diameter drilling Drill speed k is a Constant D is Diameter of the drill V is the cutting speed ? Pictures: Discussion Majorly the two processes that were involved in our experiment were turning and drilling. The machine used was a manual lathe machine. Overheating of the tool and the work piece proved to be the basis of many errors seen within the finished work piece. other problems during the processes were creating of long chips which had to be cut in order for the experiment to go on further. Breaking of the tool was also experienced. Conclusion The machine used was a manual lathe machine in which most of the processes had to be worked out and supervised by a trained professional . the major errors in this experiment are caused by the mistakes of the handler. The rotation of the work piece, which is handled by the supervisor, must be precise and constant; otherwise the problems which arrive are the breaking of the tool and the creation of long chips. to rectify this error the use of automated lathe machine can be done. In this day and age automated lathe machines are the way to go because manual lathe needs hours and hours of supervision and in the end the product is not even as accurate as a product that can be used by a consumer. A better coolant and a cooling method can also be used to reduce the heat which can lead to inaccuracy.

Marketing Mix Plan for Baskin Robbins free essay sample

Baskin Robbins Introduction Nearly three-quarters of a century ago, two brothers-in-law shared a dream to create an innovative ice cream store that would be a neighborhood gathering place for families. Burton Burt Baskin and  Irvine Irv Robbins  had a mutual love of old-fashioned ice cream and the desire to provide customers a variety of flavors made with ingredients of the highest quality in a fun, inviting atmosphere. They started out in separate ventures at the advice of Irv’s father. In 1945, Irv opened Snowbird Ice Cream in Glendale, California. His store featured 21 flavors and emphasized high-quality ice cream sold in a fun, personalized atmosphere. A year later, Burt opened Burtons Ice Cream Shop in Pasadena, CA. By 1948, they had six stores between them. This concept eventually grew into Baskin-Robbins. As the number of stores grew, Burt and Irv recognized that to maintain the high standards they set in the beginning, each store would require a manager who had an ownership interest in its overall operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix Plan for Baskin Robbins or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though they didnt realize it at the time, the two founders had pioneered the concept of franchising in the ice cream industry. It wasn’t until 1953 that the ice cream chain dropped the separate identities of Snowbird and Burtons and became Baskin-Robbins. A local advertising agency, Carson/Roberts, advised a uniform identity and image under the name Baskin-Robbins 31 Ice Cream. Their recommendations included the 31 ® logo to represent a flavor for every day of the month, Cherry (pink) and Chocolate (brown) polka dots to be reminiscent of clowns, carnivals and fun and lastly, the use of cartoons to bring their flavors alive with personality to graphically highlight the name and delicious ingredients. With this over-arching branding, Baskin-Robbins iconic pink spoons were created with the belief that people should be able to try any of their many flavors without cost. In 1954, Baskin-Robbins put their product on the line against their competitors at the Los Angeles County Fair. That year they won their first Gold Medal and set the pattern for county and state fair participation, earning Gold Medals for Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream every year since that first contest. Marketing Mix PRODUCT Baskin Robbins has never used artificial flavorings; its extensive RD efforts have focused on developing a wide range of flavors by using natural ingredient. As a result, BR’s products smell distinctly different from other products, which has helped BR to differentiate its products from lower-quality ones (which typically use oil/fat and artificial flavorings) and consistently increase customer satisfaction. In addition, BR has introduced new products with fewer calories by using fruits to reflect recent trend. In addition to flavors produced by BR in US, there has been a large number of flavors produced by BR-Korea and sold out in different countries US, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Malaysia and China. In this way, Baskin Robbins was able to satisfy the changes needed by the customers and developed new products to maintain its leadership in the ice cream market. As a result, its products have been continuously satisfying not only the domestic customers but also foreign customers. Baskin Robbins has made efforts to establish a world-class food safety system to improve the quality of its products and gain consumer confidence and preference for BR’s taste and brand. Since the beginning, BR has been offering chairs and tables for the customers who wish to enjoy their ice creams at the store. Baskin Robbins main aim is to serve the customers entertainment and enjoying of their ice creams and not just the best flavors of the ice creams. In Egypt BR has been working hard on serving customers at the best level to satisfy their needs and wants and build a strong relationship with their customers. The Packaging and design of the ice cream products have been up to date and it has its own outlook that customers have liked from the beginning and it is not similar to any other ice cream brand. BR has been quite successful in producing and serving large amounts of customers with different flavors and tastes of products all at one time, It puts a gr8 effort in providing the maximum variety possible for the customers wants and demands to be fulfilled. PRICE A product is only worth what customers are ready to pay for it. The price also needs to be competitive but not necessary to be the cheapest. It needs to include profit, as it is the only marketing mix element that generates revenue every other element represents costs. Prices change overtime and can be influenced by the inflation of the economy or by the changes in the prices of the competitor’s products. Baskin Robbins in Egypt can be offering discounts as a source of attraction to the customers and to maintain their position in comparison to their competitor’s. There are no any payment periods as long as the money is paid cash at the same time, but in case there is a large number of ordered made from any of the branches, credit terms can also be offered for the satisfaction of the customers. Baskin Robbins tries to charge and choose the affordable prices of their customers and at the same time the prices that could achieve for them the required profit. So eventually both stakeholders are served beneficially. PLACE The place where customers buy a product and the distributing of the product to that place must be convenient and appropriate to the customer. The product must be available at the right time at the right place in the right quantity, while keeping storage, inventory and distribution costs to an acceptable level. Baskin-Robbins  is a global chain of  ice cream from the merging of their respective ice cream parlors, in  Glendale, California. It claims to be the worlds largest ice cream franchise,[1]  with more than 5,800 locations, 2,800 of which are located in the United States. Baskin-Robbins sells ice cream in over 30 countries, including  Nepal,  Canada,  Japan,  Mexico, the  Dominican Republic,  Colombia,  Bahrain, the  United Kingdom,  Russia,  Egypt,  Saudi Arabia,  United Arab Emirates,  Australia,he  Philippines,  Thailand, Indonesia,  Malaysia,  China, South Korea,  India,  Ecuador,  Pakistan,  Panama. In Egypt Compared to the other countries the channels of distributions are fewer; BR in Egypt is working on more expansion of locations for the serving and delivering of their products more easily and effectively to the customers. Transportation and delivery is efficient and the inventory is available for Baskin Robbins continuous production. PROMOTION Promotion is the way a company communicates what it does and what it can offer to customers. The most familiar ways of promotion is advertisement of product this can be through magazines, media, sales promotion and special offers. Promotion must gain attention, by appealing, tell a consistent message and overall give the customer a reason to choose the company’s product over any other competitor’s product. Promotion does not mean communicating to your customers only. It is important to ensure that the internal stakeholders are aware of the values and attributes of the product. This means communicating to staff/ employees very well so that they can be acknowledged and share this with customers later. Baskin Robbins used advertisements as a source of promotion regardless to that it was well known even at the start. But for customers to get to know more about it and as result profits and sales would increase.

Gandhi Essay Research Paper Mary ReynoldsNovember 17 free essay sample

Gandhi Essay, Research Paper Mary Reynolds November 17, 2000 History 3840 Arthur K. Scott Gandhi, Satyagraha, and the Western Mind There is much that can be said about such a great leader like Gandhi. He had many accomplishments that were needed to do a difference in the universe. Possibly the most of import quality that he possessed was the properties of cognition and common sense. These properties made him a really healthy adult male who knew how to handle his opposition with regard while saying the issue at manus. Gandhi achieved many achievements throughout his life. Overall, the most important was that one adult male could do a difference within his ain state that received world-wide acknowledgment. One of the grounds as to why Gandhi was such a success is in order to be a great leader, one must possess a great trade of interior peace. He was really capable of making so, and in return, the opposing side listened to what this adult male had to state. We will write a custom essay sample on Gandhi Essay Research Paper Mary ReynoldsNovember 17 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The doctrine of Mahatma Gandhi is really different than those of Martin Luther King Jr. or Malcolm X. Gandhi took doctrine to a farther degree, which allowed people to understand themselves before seeking to take on the opposing side. One of the chief footings used in Gandhi # 8217 ; s doctrine is Satyagraha, which is the force of truth and love ( Chadha, 112 ) . This term can be applied to many different state of affairss. Satyagraha has many different significances, which is good because it allows people to construe it in their ain manner. Webster # 8217 ; s dictionary defines Satyagraha as # 8220 ; take a firm standing on # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; the strong and stubborn disposition for # 8221 ; ( 280 ) . Satyagraha can be used in both political every bit good as domestic state of affairss. The person must utilize his or her interior psyche to accomplish peaceableness, which is brought on by Satyagraha. The term Ahisma is the 2nd rule of Gandhi # 8217 ; s doctrine, which means # 8220 ; passive resistance to all life things # 8221 ; ( Chadha 113 ) . The term is besides associated with truth. Ahisma besides means holding no purpose to kill. This is what gave Gandhi and those who followed him, the ability non to strike back. They were able to look within themselves and happen peace. An illustration of how this doctrine played out can be found in an illustration narrative told by Gandhi to assist others understand how non to contend back with force. The narrative said that a adult male was seeking to salvage a Scorpio that kept seize with teething him. When asked why did he maintain seeking to salvage the Scorpio, the adult male stated that he was a human being and that it was his nature to salvage, merely as it was the nature of the Scorpio to seize with teeth ( Fischer 77 ) . Gandhi was able to declare that he applied true passive resistance to every portion of his life. Domestic, institutional, economic, and political jobs could wholly be dealt with by utilizing Satyagraha. Satyagraha can be looked at as a method for deciding struggle. One of the chief points is to seek and win the trust of the other side. When this is accomplished, the two opposing sides can speak out their differences and seek to set an terminal to them. Satyagraha besides uses the preparedness to endure and non fight back. The citizens of India were successful in making so. Take for illustration, the clip in which Gandhi # 8217 ; s followings were repeatedly beaten and abused by governments. They were able to seek within their ain psyches and happen the strength to defy force. The four chief arms used by the satyagrahai are sympathy, trust, forbearance, and the willingness to endure ( Fischer 221 ) . The relationship with the opposition can subsequently go one that is full of trust, regard, and cooperation. When this type of relationship is obtained, struggle and tenseness will be resolved. Western heads may see this procedure as an unrealistic manner of seeking to work out a job. With a true enemy, it i s really hard- – about impossible to even try to go friends with such a powerful, tyrannizing opposition such as the British. The thought of utilizing these four arms seems really difficult to really carry through. It appears that Gandhi takes great easiness in covering with the enemy. â€Å"In the terminal, the enemies are converted to friends, † said Gandhi ( Prasad, 28 ) . Although this thought seems about impossible to carry through, Gandhi did win in acquiring his followings to set in utmost sums of attempt to accomplish peace. In today # 8217 ; s universe, three different types of state of affairss can be aided through the pattern of Satyagraha. They are self, household, and work. Once the true apprehension of the term Satyagraha is developed, it becomes possible for struggles within these state of affairss to go resolved. Gandhi # 8217 ; s hunger work stoppages, Marches, and civil noncompliance Acts of the Apostless were important towards his achievement of peace. His followings were really faithful and were able to do a statement that got the attending of the British authorities. The rule of Satyagraha worked good in a state such as India because of its strong spiritual spiritualty. Indians are extremely dedicated and motivated when it comes to the subject of religion. Poverty is everyplace in this state, and faith becomes cardinal to one # 8217 ; s life. Gandhi had a great trade of success in demoing to the universe merely precisely how nonviolent opposition could do a difference. He was a really educated adult male and possessed the qualities necessary to be a great leader. He disagreed with the methods put frontward by Western civilisation. It was perceived that Westerners were # 8220 ; enterprising, impatient, engrossed in multiplying their stuff wants and in fulfilling them, fond of good cheer, dying to salvage physical labour and extravagant wonts # 8221 ; ( Prasad 235 ) . Westerners were fond of good cheer and in demand of holding a good clip. The British were perceived as holding small or no self-control. British and Indian civilizations are so different, how could an interaction between the two of all time be successful? It is much easier to look back and say what could hold been done. The British overstayed their welcome in India, although they were neer truly invited in the first topographic point. The British imposed their positions onto another civilization. They were rude, disrespectful, and degrading to another state on that state # 8217 ; s dirt. Possibly the most distressing facet of British regulation was the debut of societal Darwinism into Indian civilization. To present racism into another land is disgusting because the reverberations of it neer to the full travel off. Yet Gandhi was able to learn the British and the remainder of the universe something about passive resistance and its positive consequences. The term Satyagraha is really complex and is accompanied with great dedication. To contend back without force takes a immense sum of interior egos control, a certain peace of head, and the physical ability non to strike back. The state of India was able to demo to the universe that nonviolent opposition can do a difference. It is peaceable and the enemy is able to step back and see what the opposing side is seeking to carry through. In decision, the plants of Gandhi were really successful. He was able to turn out that the state of India, which was thought non to hold power, did so possess an tremendous sum of power. He showed that this power was different, because India # 8217 ; s power did non lie in the usage of arms or money. Rather India # 8217 ; s power was found within Satyagraha, the # 8220 ; soul-force # 8221 ; power. What Gandhi accomplished was animating and he showed Westerners a new manner to cover with struggle. It is really difficult to turn out a point to another civilization with highly different ideas and beliefs. Yet it is a great achievement to do others admit a new manner of deciding struggles with their enemies.

Books vs Film Versions Essays - Film Adaptation, Screenwriting, Film

Books vs Film Versions Essays - Film Adaptation, Screenwriting, Film Books vs Film Versions Some of my friends say there's nothing better than reading a good book while others would rather watch its film version. ESSAY:| No doubt that there are lots of film adaptations of novels nowadays. More and more people prefer watching film versions to reading books. Nevertheless, some people are sure that nothing can substitute books . In my opinion, reading a book is much better than watching its film version . First of all , every film adaptation cuts a masterpiece. It is impossible to show everything from a book. Secondly, you imagine characters by yourself. While, when you watching the film, you have to look on personas, invented by directors of the film. What is more, reading a book gives you better understanding of characters' tempers . However, some people think that watching film adaptations of novels is usually much more interesting and enjoyable then reading books. They also think that reading a book is a waste of time when there is its film version. I totally disagree with them. To my mind, when you read a book, you become more intelligent. Everybody knows that reading a book develops your vocabulary. In conclusion, I am convinced that film adaptations of novels never can substitute books. Film version is just a nice addition to a book.

Library Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Library - Assignment Example This can be easily proved by the fact that the major element in the company’s policy is the ability to create and give a high level of customer service and support. Blue Nile faces some business risks that may threaten its ability to satisfy stockholder expectations. The major problem for the company is the situation when primary competitors come from online and offline retailers. The latter suggested products from the higher value segment of the market in this field. There are several ways chosen by Blue Nile to handle and change this situation. They are: the creation of some new designs for jewelry, 2) the encouragement to offer as many discounts and memberships as possible and 3) the creation of more endorsement. Blue Nile is a merchandiser. Everything in the company functions to achieve the best results in the market. For instance, Blue Nile does everything to display all possible guarantees and polices on its website to make this information available for customers. This adds popularity and environment of trust to the company. Works Cited www.sec.gov/edgar/searhedgar/companyseach.html

Scandinavia myself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scandinavia myself - Essay Example to around 1700 B.C.E. As history advanced, this area gave birth to the more modern Viking era, 600-700 C.E. that we tend to associate with much of the civilization advances from that region of the world. They were a basically pagan people who began to experience Christianity in 829, but were not released from pagan practices until around the 12th century. There were many internal struggles as well as territorial conquests that kept the Nordic region unstable until around 1300C.E. with the emergence of three distinct kingdoms; Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. ((New World Encyclopedia 2008) Scandinavians today are a peaceful people who generally hold to their traditions and values, while being accepting of new ideas and people. They have a high regard for privacy, tolerance and discretion, while at the same time hold their individual natures with respect. They often occupy peace-keeping roles in NATO and the UN. ((New World Encyclopedia 2008) The official name of Denmark is the Kingdom of Denmark. It is a Constitutional Monarchy with the current Constitution established on June 5, 1953. It has Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of government which oversees 5 regions and 98 municipalities. The Capitol of Denmark is Copenhagen. It has a temperate climate with slightly rolling hills and is situated between Sweden and Norway, above Germany in the Baltic Sea. (U.S. Department of State 2011) The people of Denmark are known as Danes and Danish; population 5,557,709. There are several languages spoken there; Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic, and German, although English is the second most widely spoken language. There are multiple ethnic groups including Inuit, Faroese, Scandinavian, Turkish, Polish, German, Lebanese, Iraqi, Bosnian, Yugoslav, Pakistani, Iranian, Somali, Vietnamese, British and Afghan. Various religions are acknowledged by the regions including† Danish National Evangelical Lutheran, which comprises approximately 81% of the population, Muslims, 4 %, and others such as Protestants, Roman Catholics, Jewish, Buddhist, and Hindu communities make up the remaining 15 % of religious faiths in Denmark. (U.S. Department of State 2011) Danes have compulsory education through 9 years, with 100% attendance and a literacy rate of 99%. They have contributed greatly to the arts, literature, music and ballet. Denmark established a Ministry of Cultural Affairs in 1961 to oversee the development of the arts and leisure activities including museums, libraries, theatres and drama groups. (U.S. Department of State 2011) The official name of Sweden is the Kingdom of Sweden. It is a Constitutional Monarchy with the current Constitution coming into effect on January 1, 1975. It has Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches that oversee 21 counties, 18 county councils, 290 municipalities, and 2 regions. The Capitol of Sweden is Stockholm. It has a wide variety of climates from temperate in the south, maritime along the coast, and subarctic in th e north; with mountains, lakes, and lowland areas near the coast. It is located between Norway and Finland. (U.S. Department of State 11/8, 2010) The people of Sweden are Swedes or Swedish; population 9,373,379. Swedish is the official language, although English is widely spoken. There are three main ethnic groups: the Swedes, ethnic Finns, and ethnic Sami. There is also about 14% of the

Human Personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Personality - Essay Example This theory of specificity has its roots deep in the experimental tradition, and its priori improbability should not prevent us from glancing at the main sources from which it draws its strength. The first of these sources is the Thorndikian type of learning theory prevalent around the first decades of this century. Learning is conceived in terms of S-R (stimulus-response) bonds after the manner of the reflex or the conditioned reflex, and these bonds are, of course, conceived to be entirely specific. If the organization of personality is mainly a matter of learning and here the huge preponderance of writers have favoured an anti-hereditarianism sight, without though basing themselves on any persuasive experimental evidence then the specificity of the learning procedure ought to be mirrored in the last product of learning, i.e. the mature personality. And as S-R theories in the field of learning have been confront by S-S theories which uphold that learning is part of a better difficu lty of organization, chiefly perceptual organization, these non-specific theories came into the field additional lately, have been somewhat less important historically, and have not carried over into the field of personality account to the similar extent as the specificity theories. Genius Human perfectibility" has been the theme of many enthusiasts; and many utopian schemes of society have been and still are suggested, which postulate in the men and women of the future an increase in moral and physical health and vigour. And it is plain that in a broad and general way natural selection, sexual selection, and the advance of science are working together towards improvements of these kinds. But it is plain also that these onward tendencies, at least in comparison with our desires and ideals, are slow and uncertain; and it is possible to argue that the apparent advance in our race is due merely to the improvement which science has effected in its material environment, and not to any real development, during the historical period, in the character or faculties of man himself. Sleep Regarding sleep as an alternating phase of personality, we must consider what are its special characteristics and faculties. Regarding it as an integral factor in our earthly existence, and on an equal footing with the waking state, we must consider how the faculties of sleep, as of waking, can be enhanced and intense in the course of the bodily and psychical development of man. Such development or concentration, though, presupposes a understanding of the true nature of sleep which we are by no means at liberty to take for granted. Disintegrations Of Personality Many disturbances and disintegrations of the personality must presently fall to be described. But the reader who may follow me must remember the point of view from which I am writing. The aim of my study is not to destroy but to complete; or say, rather, my hope is that observation of the ways in which

Hypothyroidism Thyroid Hormone

Hypothyroidism Thyroid Hormone Hypothyroidism 1 Information on Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism 2 What is hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone. What are the causes of hypothyroidism? Some common causes of hypothyroidism are the failure of the pituitary gland to secrete a hormone called TSH, to stimulate the thyroid gland, congenital birth defects, surgical removal of the thyroid gland or inflammatory conditions, and iodine deficiency. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is called Hashimotos thyroiditis. This is an autoimmune disease which develops antibodies against its own thyroid gland cells. Some other factors that contribute to hypothyroidism includes female gender, obesity, thyroid surgery, and exposure of the neck to X-ray or radiation. How is hypothyroidism diagnosed? Hypothyroidism can be detected through a simple blood test. In this blood test, the doctor will compare your TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) level. A low T4 and a high TSH level indicates hypothyroidism. This is the best and most reliable way . What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism? The symptoms of hypothyroidism are: low energy, constant tiredness, depression, dizziness, weight gain, despite loss of appetite, ankle swelling, anemia, and goiter (enlarged thyroid). Symptoms of hypothyroidism can range from mild to severe. Some symptoms may go unnoticed or dismissed for more simpler conditions. What are the complications from hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism 3 People with hypothyroidism may not have any symptoms at all. In some people, hypothyroidism can lead to heart disease, increased risk of infection, infertility, and miscarriage. The most severe complication is myxedema coma, which is a medical emergency that occurs when the bodys level of thyroid hormones become extremely low. If not treated with intravenous thyroid hormones and steroid therapy, it can be fatal. How is hypothyroidism treated? The most effective treatment for hypothyroidism is thyroid hormone supplementation. Levothyroxine is the most commonly used medication. Based on a persons TSH level, proper dosage is given in the form of a tablet. This medication is taken throughout a persons life. Thyroid hormone levels should be checked yearly to make sure the dosage is the correct amount. Can hypothyroidism be prevented? There is no prevention for hypothyroidism; however, screening tests in newborns can detect congential hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism 4 References Hypothyroidism. ( 2008). Retrieved January 8, 2008, from Endocrine Website: http:// www.endocrineweb.com/hypo1.html Hypothyroidism. (2008). Retrieved January 29, 2008, from Health Encyclopedia: http:// www.healthscout.com/ency/68/34/main.html Hypothyroidism.(2008). Retrieved January 30, 2008, from Mayo Clinic website: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypothyroidism/DS00353 Hypothyroidism.(2008) Retrieved January 30, 2008 from Medline Plus website: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000353.htm

Of Mice And Men: Burdens Of Responsibility :: essays research papers

Of Mice and Men: Burdens of Responsibility "OF MICE AND MEN IS A NOVEL WHICH EXPLORES THE BURDENS OF RESPONSIBILITY AS MUCH AS ITS REWARDS." By evaluating the novel of mice and men carefully I have found that every character in the novel has a facet of life that consists of burdens and responsibilities. The characters in the novel basically have three options in which they can live their lives. They can knuckle down, work hard, keep a positive frame of mind and try earnestly to improve their standard of living. An example of this is would be George Milton and Lennie Small. The other option is to walk around with a chip on their shoulder, not bother to improve oneself but eradicate those around him or her that serve as a frustration or nuisance. An ideal example of this would be Curley when he decides to target Lennie as a'frustration' and subsequently attacks him with no real valid reason apart from jealousy and spite. The last option concerns Candy and Crooks to an extent. They live a fairly meaningless life void of love and affection. They have few friendships and cling to anyone who shows them sincere attention. An example of this is when Lennie has a conversation with Crooks and he expresses his feelings of loneliness. Another example is when Carlson shoots Candy's dog. Candy becomes very eager to attach himself to George and lennie and purchase a house with them as a result of the loss of his only real love in his life. The responsibilities of aspiration and hope play a major role in the structure of George, Lennie and Curley's wife's character. To an extent their aspirations protect them from reality for short stints and acts like a recharge to their motivational batteries. This is a good thing more often than not. Examples of these instances are when Lennie and George are sitting on the bank of a pool of the Salinas river in the last chapter. George is in the process of telling Lennie how together they are "gonna get a little place." He does this because he knows it makes Lennie happy and he wants Lennie's last thoughts to be of his ideal world not terror. George then shoots Lennie in the back of the head doing whats best for everyone, and Lennie dies in a state of utopia, his reward. An example of Curley's wife's hopes is when she finally finds a person around the ranch who sees her not as an object of lust but someone to talk to. This person

Cultural Stereotype Essay

Human beings are unique and different in many ways. However, people from other countries may also have certain similarities in character and perception. Cultural differences give people an idea on how to describe or identify a person who belongs to a certain group. Most of the time, people give a preconceived or oversimplified generalization about another group of people. The world is full of different groups of people that make up the whole of the society. These groups, however, have their own classifications based on how people perceive them. Stereotyping can sometimes be positive, but it may also bear a false assumption toward a certain group or person. Stereotyping is definitely inevitable because this is one way of giving a certain group an identity for them to be easily recognized by the people who share the same perception towards them. In most cases, stereotyping affects the way the society views a certain group of people, and worst, the image and perception that the society has towards them may be considered as reality rather than just a representation of that group. For example, the society looks at women as oppressed and vulnerable while the teenagers are perceived as aggressive and carefree individuals. The politicians are viewed as cheaters and liars while the loner people are stereotyped as weird or geek. These kinds of perception are stored in the minds of other people until they get to know one person from the group and prove that not all people with the same color, interests, gender, and designation have the same characteristics. Most often, however, stereotypes are wrong and negative which instill a permanent image or representation of an individual who belong to that cluster. The world might have been changing but the stereotyping remains as old as the culture that each country or each group has reserved for the past centuries. It is a manifestation that stereotyping can never be avoided or eradicated for it is part of the lives of the mainstream. Oftentimes, stereotyping offends the person or the group because of exaggeration in naming and injustice in giving information without proper evidences. Unfortunately, a certain group that had been rendered a stereotyped judgment tends to create an image which would remain inculcated in the minds of the people in the society. The impression that a group leaves to the people around them would be the same impression that would be gained by the other group which looks, acts, talks, and even shares the same beliefs with them. It has been said that mass media is one of the strongest factors in creating a stereotype judgment toward a person or a group. Apparently, people pattern their views based on how media portrays a specific group on media sources. The media does not teach the society on how they should perceive a group but their portrayal of that group on television shows, magazines, newspapers, and radio would give people an idea on the characteristics of the individuals that certain group has. Sadly, the media most of the time, tends to overlook the consequences of negative depiction of a certain group. On the other hand, stereotyping makes a certain group distinct from others. Because of the image that the society created pertaining to them, a group would be easily recognized and would gain a unique identity. Stereotyping may be favorable to those that have been having a good image representation because the society may not easily notice their negative sides. However, it would be unfair for those who already have a negative judgment from the society because people may perceive them only based on what they have learned and heard about that specific group. Every individual believes and practices different cultures and these may affect the way people view one another. However, making themselves familiar to the culture and beliefs of others may somehow lessen the negative impact of stereotyping. As stated in this article, not all stereotypes are bad and damaging for a group of individuals who share the same perspectives. Rather, it is the ignorance and the refusal of another group to know more about the culture of the other that makes it offensive. People should evaluate first the image that they have conceived from other people or from the media in order to avoid the negative perceptions caused by stereotyping.

7 Types of Female Characters in Shakespeares Plays

7 Types of Female Characters in Shakespeare's Plays Certain types of female characters often resurface in Shakespeare’s plays, telling us a great deal about his view of women and their status in Shakespeares time. The Bawdy Woman These characters are sexualized, cheeky and flirtatious. They are often working-class characters such as the Nurse in Romeo and Juliet, Margaret in Much Ado about Nothing or Audrey in As You Like It. Mainly speaking in prose, as befitting their low social status, these characters often use sexual innuendo when conversing. Low-class characters like these can get away with more risquà © behavior- perhaps because they have no fear of losing social status. The Tragic Innocent Woman These women are often pure and chaste at the beginning of the play, and tragically die once their innocence is lost. In stark contrast to his presentation of bawdy women, Shakespeare’s treatment of young innocent women is fairly brutal. Once their innocence or chastity is taken away, they are literally killed to signify this loss. These characters are generally courtly, high-born characters such as Juliet from Romeo and Juliet, Lavinia from Titus Andronicus or Ophelia from Hamlet. Their high social standing makes their demise seem all the more tragic. The Scheming Femme Fatal Lady Macbeth is the archetypal femme fatal. Her manipulation of Macbeth inevitably leads them to their deaths: she commits suicide and he is slain. In her ambition to become Queen, she encourages her husband to murder. King Lear’s daughters, Goneril and Regan, plot to inherit their father’s fortune. Once again, their ambition leads them to their deaths: Goneril stabs herself after poisoning Regan. Although Shakespeare seems to appreciate the intelligence at work in his femme fatal characters, allowing them to manipulate the men around them, his retribution is brutal and unforgiving. The Witty, but Unmarriable Woman Katherine from The Taming of The Shrew is a prime example of the witty but unmarriable woman. Feminists have commented that their enjoyment of this play is marred by the fact that a man literally â€Å"breaks† Katherine’s spirit when Petruchio says â€Å"Come on  and kiss me, Kate.† Should we really celebrate this as a happy ending? Similarly, in the plot to Much Ado About Nothing, Benedick ultimately conquers the feisty Beatrice by saying, â€Å"Peace, I will stop your mouth.† These women are presented as clever, bold and independent but are put in their place by the end of the play. The Married Off Woman Many of Shakespeare’s comedies end with an eligible woman being married off – and therefore being made safe. These women are often very young and passed from their father’s care to their new husband’s. More often than not, these are high-born characters such as Miranda in The Tempest who is married to Ferdinand, Helena and Hermia in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Hero in Much Ado About Nothing. Women Who Dress as Men Rosalind in As You Like it and Viola in Twelfth Night both dress as men. Consequently, they are able to play a more active role in the play’s narrative. As â€Å"men†, these characters have more freedom, highlighting the lack of social liberty for women in Shakespeare’s time. Falsely Accused of Adultery Women in Shakespeare’s plays are sometimes wrongly accused of adultery and suffer greatly as a result. For example, Desdemona is killed by Othello who supposes her infidelity and Hero falls terribly ill when she is falsely accused by Claudio. It seems that Shakespeare’s women are judged by their sexuality even when they remain faithful to their husbands and husbands-to-be. Some feminists believe that this demonstrates male insecurity about female sexuality.

Attributes of Criminal Justice

Attributes of Criminal Justice Ku Klux Klan PAGE 1Attributes of Criminal OrganizationsIntroductionThe Ku Klux Klan is and always has been a whites-only organization that is philosophically dedicated to the separation of groups based upon their racial origin. The organization was however, not enough to be simply white to me; a member of the Ku Klux Klan, the organization unilaterally rejects any members of communist or socialist organizations. White people of Jewish origin are steadfastly rejected based upon the belief that Jews are responsible for the death of Jesus Christ and Roman Catholics were also excluded from membership prior to 1952.HistoryThe name Ku Klux Klan evolved from the Greek word kuklos, which means circle. The circle is one of the oldest symbols of history in the history of humankind. The Ku Klux Klan also purports the circle as a sign of special creativity. The Ku Klux Klan calls itself "the oldest American civil rights organization."English: William Joseph Simmons, founder of the se...The grou p was founded in 1866, only one year after the end of the Civil War, by former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest in Pulaski, Tennessee. The Ku Klux Klan began as nothing more than small groups of southern post civil war malcontents, who were on a mission to cause as much mischief as possible since losing the civil war. Initially not many took them seriously and the group was basically ignored. The first era of the Ku Klux Klan was short lived, only lasting until 1871 when then President Grant effectively eliminated the organization.One of the most feared groups, the Ku Klux Klan, has seen and survived generations and generations of negativity. The Klan's history, structure, operation, activities, and participants will be presented throughout the paper as well as what can be done by law enforcement in order to control the Klan.

Chemical enginering Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chemical enginering - Personal Statement Example The ceremony was simply fascinating and the deep impression lasted for years. I realised that this was the turning point of every person’s life. A young graduated professional walks into the unknown to pursue his hopes and dreams in his future career. Also, I felt a sense of community while observing other students. The community I became eager to be a part of. I understood that this was a whole new level and I had to work hard to achieve it. It was my time to start planning my future and my life, to start thinking about my place in the society and the purpose of my life. I felt that I needed achievements that I could be proud of so that one day I would share my experience with future generations. I chose chemical engineering to be my intended major and my future career. I have great passion for science and technology because it is my strong conviction that they can be beneficial to people and improve the quality of life of each and every individual. Especially, I am intereste d in biofuel as the research in this area can improve the situation with global warming. Biodiesel is significantly more environment friendly then traditional diesel fuel. For example, while burning it produces less pollution and its engine behaviour it approximately the same as in case of traditional fossil fuel. However, the current biodiesel production technology is still not able to satisfy the needs of industry. The fact points out to the importance of research in the area and the development of new production methods. In this way I will be able to make my contribution into society and help people. In my life I had hopeless moments and I know what it feels like. My sister and I were raised only by my mother in Hong Kong. Because I was older, I had to take care of my sister during school time and our way home. She always turned to me in case of any problems. It significantly helped me to realize the importance of responsibility and develop my leadership skills. I also had to dev elop strong communications skills and the ability to fit into new environment while interacting with people substantially older then we were. I am proud of that because I did not turn to anyone for an advice doing everything on my own. I became independent in my views and developed the feeling that I can find a way out of almost any situation. We later moved to the US to start a new life. I absolutely agree with my mother’s decision because a person must always evolve both spiritually and as a professional. Also, it was a great opportunity to face new challenges and see what I really could do. Talking about chemical engineering, I am full of ambitions. By my example, I want to show everybody how we must push the frontier of knowledge. Showing outstanding leadership skills, highlight that it is never too late to better ourselves and persuade people to change their treatment of the environment. 2. Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experie nce that is important to you. It is my strong conviction that a person must try a number of part time jobs before entering college or university. It is very important to feel a sense of community you live in, develop skills necessary to fit in the group and be more social. Also, by working from an early age a person will become more responsible while making new contacts. It can help you develop vital characteristics that

The Concepts of Moral Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Concepts of Moral Development - Assignment Example The concept of Kohlberg’s moral development is explained in 3 levels and each level is classified into two stages. STAGE 1: â€Å"Wrong or immoral actions are determined by punishments†.   Example: Punctuality is considered an important aspect of the performance evaluation of an employee. The employee that comes late to the office is considered as wrong action and employee gets punishment on such actions. Generally, salary deduction is the punishment for late timings. Here the salary deduction is indicating that coming late is considered as an immoral action in the company.      STAGE 2: â€Å"Right actions are determined by rewards†. Example: According to Kohlberg’s view, rewards are the justification of the employee’s good performance in the company. Sales employee in the company is rewarded with extra benefits when he or she makes more than a sales target. In this case, extra benefits are rewards for efficient performance.      STAGE 3: â€Å"Good behavior is the reflection of good intentions† Example: Employee realizes that drinking alcohol in the office during the lunch timings is an immoral action because it decreases the efficiency and productivity at the workplace. Employee’s positive concerned behavior towards work efficiency is the justification of his/her good intentions for the company.      STAGE 4: Compliance to authority, Significance of â€Å"doing one’s duty†. Example: Human resource employee is against the firing of production labor but he/she decided not to protest in the company without the permission of management. The sense of obedience to the authority of HR employee is justifying that he/she is maintaining social order. STAGE 5: â€Å"Recognizing that rules can be changed in order to adapt differences in moral and legal rights†. Example: Sometimes it can be seen that organizations perform activities like tax evasion, so the employee realizes that this should be change and organization should pay taxes to the government to encourage the application of equal distribution of wealth in the country.      STAGE 6: â€Å"Considering every Individual’s view based on conscience regarding any moral decision†. Example: A person refuses to obey the law of the society which treats a major portion of the population as second-class citizens.

Operating System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operating System - Essay Example It should be noted that computers cannot function and will become useless without it. The operating systems in our modern times function in order to accomplish three major goals which include hiding the details of the hardware through the establishment of abstraction, to assign the resources to specific processes, and to provide the user with an interface which is simple and easy to use for his benefits (Muhammad 2). Because of their design and task in computing devices, OS have been named as resource manager where the primary resource is the computer hardware including processors, storage, input/output devices, communication devices and data. As a resource manager, the operating system generally functions by "implementing the user interface, sharing hardware among users, allowing users to share data among themselves, preventing users from interfering with one another, scheduling resources among users, facilitating input/output, recovering from errors, accounting for resource usage, facilitating parallel operations, organizing data for secure and rapid access, and handling network communications" (Muhammad 4). One of the main purposes of an operating system is to allow its user to run his preferred... The rapid technological advancement which allows the evolution of OS also enabled the creation of different types of operating systems. It should be noted that a single operating system like Windows 2000 falls into many categories as experts are able to lump the characteristics and features of these OS into one comprehensive type. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a huge development to the rather plain text boards that are features of early computers. The GUI is an OS which contains graphics allowing users to interact with computing devices usually through a mouse by the graphical icons and visual indicators. On the other hand, the multiple-user OS allows the use of computers by two or more individuals at the same time or different times. Individuals sharing the same computer benefits from this by keeping their privacy through their different accounts. Thus, their documents are hidden and are kept from each other. Multitasking OS denotes those which are capable of running two or more different software at the same time on the same machine. For example, Windows 2000 can run Internet Explorer and open Microsoft Word at the same also allowing the user to do multiple tasks in the computing device. Lastly, multithreading allows are those which allow different parts of individual or more software to run concurrently while multiprocessing is an OS which allows two or more computer processor. Works Cited Muhammad, Rashid. Operating System. N.d. 10 September 2008 Operating System. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 2008. 10 September 2008

Effective Training †Expectancy Theory Essay Example for Free

Effective Training – Expectancy Theory Essay Expectancy theory maintains that people will make an effort to achieve a standard of performance if they perceive that it will be rewarded by a desirable outcome (Wilson, 1999), giving more effort will result in better performance, these probable organizational rewards are valued by the employee, and better job performance will result to organizational rewards which includes an increase in benefits or salary. Desirable outcome is essentially a product of individual circumstances and perceptions and is therefore a subject to change. According to Wilson, at one time, lifelong employment and security of tenure at an equitable level of remuneration may have been the driving force for many employees. Those who have suffered the effect s of downsizing and redundancy are now likely to view the world in different manner, where jobs offering short term and reasonably remunerated employment prospects are more attractive than no job at all, and similarly, those in employment and those seeking employment are likely to have a positive view of work offering the prospect of development of differentiated and transferrable skills, as an investment in their future employability (Wilson, 1999). If one of the managers will say that he doesn’t have time for this theory stuff and he wants real-world training that will help him in his job, I will tell him first that, outsourcing, downsizing, delayering, and casualisation of jobs are all fashionable but these trends affect employees’ explicit or implicit relationships with their employer, and similarly, reduced career oppurtunities, shorter tenure, the need for transferrable skills to assist employability, and increased used of fixed term contracts weaken the traditional ties of loyalty to their company’s destiny psychologically as well as formally (Wilson, 1999). I will tell him that he should do anything which will encourage his employees to trust their organization or company because it is important to earn employees’ trust and loyalty to the company to achieve better productivity.

Consumer Behaviour Essay -- Technology, The iPhone

Symbolic Consumption: The iPhone In this era of emerging economies and growing globalisation, the demand for symbolic goods continues to expand, and at a fast rate. With recent advances in technologies such as personal digital assistants (PDA’s), satellite/tracking devices, mobile phones and many others springing up almost every day, it is not surprising that consumers would be willing to part with large amounts of cash for these products. One of such technological advancement is the iPhone, a fascinating instance of adaptation, which is fast becoming a most sought after brand. The issue however is whether this new technological advancement of the iPhone is going to be a continuous trend or will just fizzle out in the nearer future. To understand deeply the phenomenon of symbolic consumption, we must first understand what it means. According to Kerrigan et al. (2004), symbolic consumption deals with the consumption of products and services as sources of meaning. An important aspect of symbolic consumption is that consumers no longer consume products simply for their functional value, but for their symbolic value, for what these products mean to themselves and to others (Kerrigan et al 2004). In other words, these products more or less become commodity signs. Digital-era commodity goods like the iPhone are symbolic markers or what Thorstein Veblen would call conspicuous consumption or â€Å"status symbols† (2007). To make sense of this rapturous reception, the iPhone would however now be examined as a notable instance of symbolic consuming culture. In June 2007, the hottest cellular phone hit town, with a vast array of technological wonders never before put together inside a tiny gadget called cell phone (Blokdijk 2008). It was Ap... ...d therefore argue that products involve a form of natural process within which the designer plays a key role. Like any product, the iPhone has its own life span or in other words, evolutionary timeline, its own inherited traits, its own product design and its own adapted state through its environment. As global technology is continuously introduced and replaced, it would get to a stage where the symbolic value of the iPhone would no longer be appreciated. This is because more advanced and superior mobile devices would have come into place, thereby stealing the limelight from the iPhone. Additionally, the study of behaviors and attitudes towards a specific technology such as the iPhone are extremely vulnerable to new products and trends, making the findings of any study outdated in a very short period of time. In other words, social values also changes over time. Consumer Behaviour Essay -- Technology, The iPhone Symbolic Consumption: The iPhone In this era of emerging economies and growing globalisation, the demand for symbolic goods continues to expand, and at a fast rate. With recent advances in technologies such as personal digital assistants (PDA’s), satellite/tracking devices, mobile phones and many others springing up almost every day, it is not surprising that consumers would be willing to part with large amounts of cash for these products. One of such technological advancement is the iPhone, a fascinating instance of adaptation, which is fast becoming a most sought after brand. The issue however is whether this new technological advancement of the iPhone is going to be a continuous trend or will just fizzle out in the nearer future. To understand deeply the phenomenon of symbolic consumption, we must first understand what it means. According to Kerrigan et al. (2004), symbolic consumption deals with the consumption of products and services as sources of meaning. An important aspect of symbolic consumption is that consumers no longer consume products simply for their functional value, but for their symbolic value, for what these products mean to themselves and to others (Kerrigan et al 2004). In other words, these products more or less become commodity signs. Digital-era commodity goods like the iPhone are symbolic markers or what Thorstein Veblen would call conspicuous consumption or â€Å"status symbols† (2007). To make sense of this rapturous reception, the iPhone would however now be examined as a notable instance of symbolic consuming culture. In June 2007, the hottest cellular phone hit town, with a vast array of technological wonders never before put together inside a tiny gadget called cell phone (Blokdijk 2008). It was Ap... ...d therefore argue that products involve a form of natural process within which the designer plays a key role. Like any product, the iPhone has its own life span or in other words, evolutionary timeline, its own inherited traits, its own product design and its own adapted state through its environment. As global technology is continuously introduced and replaced, it would get to a stage where the symbolic value of the iPhone would no longer be appreciated. This is because more advanced and superior mobile devices would have come into place, thereby stealing the limelight from the iPhone. Additionally, the study of behaviors and attitudes towards a specific technology such as the iPhone are extremely vulnerable to new products and trends, making the findings of any study outdated in a very short period of time. In other words, social values also changes over time.

Rain- Directed by Christine Jeffs Essay

A child’s life has many milestones such as learning to walk, learning to talk and their first day at school. Throughout all these stages parents are obliged to provide guidance, safety and support for their children as they learn to interpreate the world for themselves. Christine Jeffs’ visual text, Rain explores the story of thirteen year old, Janey whose parents are so caught up in self-absorption, they neglect their parental roles to both Janey and her younger brother Jim.This up-bringing of Janey and Jim leave the audience pondering, Does the abandonment of morale parents roles shape a childs transition into adolescence? The consequences of neglecting Janey through her first steps into womanhood, ricochet on Janey’s parents, and damage her perception of the adult world eternally. From the viewer’s first introduction to Janey, a high angle shot of her floating in a starfish position, gives us a deceitful impression about this seemingly, normal carefree life of a young teenage girl. The typical sunny scenery, clear blue water and weatherboard batches sets Christine Jeffs viewers to believe that Janey is surrounded by family life and fun, sharing barbeques and summer swims at their beloved family batch. Christine Jeffs has deliberately juxta-positioned this with a shot of Janey and her mum swimming, however her mum is holding a glass of alcohol. Janey’s mother lets go of the glass, and as it begins to sink to the sea floor, a low angle shot shows Janey diving after it. This immediately leaves the viewer confused about the role model Janey is following, would a normal family allow their thirteen year old daughter to frantically chase a glass of alcohol, or would they be more concerned for their daughter’s safety in deep water? This initial establishment of Janey and her mother’s relationship reveal to the viewers that Janey is growing up under the influence of an irresponsible parent who fails to teach suitable p riorities to her young daughter. Janey is being led to believe that alcohol is desirable and should be prioritized even if detrimental obstacles are to be faced. This acceptation of alcohol becoming an idolized part of adolescence and womanhood reveal to Jeff’s audience that the inappropriate role model Janeys mum is offering her daughter is leading her towards an un-healthy road into womanhood and giving her the belief that the world is like one of her toy dolls, she can pick it up and be responsible when she feels like, or she can throw it away and hide it. Janey is curious about the next stage of her life, wanting to become a ‘woman’. All around her are clues to what this responsibility might entail, but she is left on her own to uncover if her adult role models portray adulthood appropriately.We are shown Janeys view from beside a tree of her mother kissing Cadey, a new family friend. We are then shown Janey witnessing her Mum kissing Cadey again through the bathroom door. Jeffs has deliberat ely positioned the audience to see through Janeys view of the bathroom door. This angle reveals to the audience that Janeys view of adulthood is limited, she is only exposed to the irresponsible actions of her mother, and is therefore copying an un-realistic role model. As viewers we are confused and disgusted that a married woman is being intimate with a family friend who is staying under the same family roof as her husband and two children, especially Janey who witnesses her mother’s actions and believes that being a woman means that drinking and kissing unfamiliar men at parties is normal. â€Å"It’s okay, it’s fun to kiss boys†, this quote , from Janey’s mother is an example of the inappropriate advice Janey is being given. Jeff’s viewers are positioned to see a mother, who leaves her children to their own devices, surrounded by strangers while she devotes her life to drinking and flirting with men at parties and family functions. Janey is influenced by this woman figure in her life, and meaninglessly kisses a boy of her age, before shoving him onto the floor, this is Janey’s perception of intimacy, as she has learnt from her mother and she believes her actions are meaningless and that she is in control of the consequences. The actions of Janey bewilder Jeff’s audience, as we realize that Janey is mimicking her mothers actions, however Janey does not have any true sexual desire and she is unaware of the situations she is leading herself into. Jeff’s audience begin to understand that because Janey had been left un-guided by her parents into her teenage life, she has no true understanding of how her actions will leave her vulnerable and she has no escape. Throughout the film, we are shown Janey’s feeling toward Cadey, a man who has participated in an affair with Janey’s mother, and takes advantage of Janey’s immaturity and inexperience with decision making. Cadey blatantly grooms Janey in front of her mother, making conversation with her which Janey believes she is in control of and feels special. â€Å"Would you like a drink?† Cadey offers Janey alcohol and cigarettes during a family outing on his boat, even though he knows she is only thirteen. Janey’s mu m is dissatisfied within her marriage and unaware that her self-absorption has left her oblivious to Janey’s encounters with Cadey and the obvious signs of his intentions. Later, when Janey ventures into the forest alone with Cadey we are shown a worms eye view shot, the tree height is enhanced, and as viewers we are positioned into Janey’s vulnerable situation. Janey is unaware of just how small she is and the situation she is setting herself up for with this grown man. The next shot of Janey lying in the crucifix position, naked on the forest floor is a worryingly disturbing scene for Jeff’s viewers, and outlines the vulnerability of Janey. Janey’s copycat behaviour of her mother and neglect of parental guidance throughout her stages of curiosity into womanhood from her parents has led her to tragedy. Raised by a poor decision making mother, whose own marital dissatisfaction led her to neglect her children, Janey also has to live with her poor decisions and actions with Cadey, which left her younger brother, Jim to his own devices alone at the beach resulted in him drowning. These consequences have ricocheted from Janey’s parents neglect of their roles and guiders and providers of safety to their children and Janey must now live with the catastrophic loss of her brother and horrifying entrance into womanhood due to her mis-guidance and belief that she, like her mother was in control. Janey’s limited guidance, experience and understanding of the world, left her vulnerable and exposed to predators such as Cadey, who took advantage of her parents neglect and her curiosity. Christine Jeff’s viewers are shown a tragic story of the consequences of poor parenting and decision making, and how our actions influence our younger generation. Through main character Janey, Jeff’s viewers are positioned to recognize the danger Janey and her brother are exposed to and how easy it is for our actions to be witnessed and used as a role model for others and we are left to ponder if our actions could damage the future of others who idolize their elders. Jeff’s audience are shown how through the neglect of guidance and parenting, childrens transitions into adulthood can leave them vulnerable and damaged for the rest of their lives

Ethics and Issues in Counseling Essay

Question 1 a) Ethics are a list of conduct or principles drawn with the purpose of providing a guideline to what defines professional practice (Corey, 2009) while values are the basis of one’s thoughts or ideals in which decisions are generated (Manthei, 1997). Certain institutions derive their own core values to help provide a guide to â€Å"proper† behaviors. In simple terms, ethics are like â€Å"rules† within a society, culture or institution while values are like â€Å"policeman† in our mind, helping us determine between desirable and non-desirable behaviors while keeping in mind these â€Å"rules† that governs them (Dolgoff, Loewenberg & Harrington, 2008). The professional code of ethics is a guide designed to determine what constitutes professionalism in which governs the institution in the best interest of the values of the profession (Corey, 2009). It not only serves as a clarification to existing and future members of the institution or association governing it, but also helps supports the mission and vision of the institution or association. Its objective is to provide guidelines to practitioners, clarify the professional stand of institutions and organizations governing these practitioners, and at the same time protecting the rights of clients (consumers) (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2003). The Professional Code of Ethics also helps to bound practitioners ethically so that they do not try to impose their own values onto others and behave as moral authorities. While the Professional Code of Ethics may be written as clear as possible and as comprehensive as possible, in reality there are person’s feelings, values, as well as emotions involved, which are absent during the compilation (Betan, 1997). The ACA Code of Ethics (2005) states â€Å"Counselors terminate a counseling relationship when it becomes reasonably apparent that the client no longer needs assistance, is not likely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued counseling.† The practitioner would be caught in a conflict when his agency deems the client fit to be discharged but he feels otherwise (Betan, 1997). Ethical guides may not be easily integrated into one of vast cultural diversity like that of Singapore as most of the Professional Code of Ethics were formulated within that of a Western context. As such, cultural, socioeconomic as well as linguistic differences may have been neglected in the process (Betan, 1997); while the code may hold autonomy of client at high regards, the cultural stand of the client may not be so. Confidentiality itself also poses a great arguing standpoint especially in a multicultural context whereby there are traditions as well as cultural rules to adhere to (Welfel, 2012). Another important point to not neglect while considering the limitations of the Professional Code of Ethics is its congruency towards the local state laws (Betan, 1997). For instance, one state regulation for consumption of alcohol may differ that from another. In putting ethics into consideration, practitioners should also be aware of their own local state laws. b) Two values that I value as important in life are honesty and being just, ie to try my best to make sure I give or receive equal treatments. Being a straightforward person, I believe in being honest at all times and to take responsibility for your own actions. I believe in giving others a benefit of doubt, unless I have concrete evidence that he/she is telling a lie. I uphold the value of equality; to treat others the way you would like to be treated. Thus, I try my very best not to be bias and constantly remind myself to stay in a neutral stand when others are involved. Because I believe strongly in always giving others the benefit of doubt, I would not doubt on the credibility of my clients’ words even though they might sound absurd. By doing so, it gains trust from clients and help in rapport building with clients. On the flip side, if the client is not a willing client, he might manipulate the trust I have and may try to lie and mislead me. Due to my eagerness to be non-bias and be fair and just as much as I can, I may end up trying to argue and inevitably try to prove myself when some clients at times show biasness towards me due to my experience and age. This  could hinder my work with them as I might try to convince them that they are being bias and indirectly in one way or another, try to argue or indirectly try hard to prove myself. This may come across to some as being argumentative, especially when I always have something to retort back whenever they say something negative, thus spoiling the therapeutic relationship. Of course, being non-bias is important in the counseling relationship as it helps one to not be judgmental and to always maintain a partial perspective. Question 2 The 6 moral principles forming the basis of functioning at the highest level of ethical profession as summarized by Corey et al. (2003, p.16) are autonomy, veracity, justice, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and fidelity. Autonomy refers to the rights or freedom to decide and make independent decisions or choices in one’s own accord within a social and cultural context. Thus, the respect for such autonomy brings about an acceptance that others have a right to choose and act in accordance to his own wishes, unless they hinder the rights of others (Altmaier & Hansen, 2011); practitioners aim at encouraging independence in client and discourage client’s dependency on him. Veracity or truthfulness refers to the practitioner being obliged to be truthful with his clients (Corey et al., 2003). The guideline in the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct of the American Psychological Association (2002) states, â€Å"Psychologists do not make false, deceptive, or fraudulent statements†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (para. 5.01b) since trust is very important in building up a good therapeutic relationship with clients. Justice means to be fair by providing equal treatment to all regardless of culture, religion, race, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, disability or age, as they are entitled to equal access and treatment (Corey et al, 2003). To be nonmaleficence means to not cause harm, including actions that might pose a risk to harm another (Altmaier & Hansen, 2011). Practitioners are responsible for their clients to ensure that their risks for exploitation or might result in potential harm are brought down to a minimal (Corey et al, 2003). Beneficence refers to promoting the good and the wellbeing of clients and of others, to help clients grow and develop in their cultural context as well as doing good in their social context (Corey et al, 2003). In short, practitioners are responsible towards contributing to the welfare and growth of another being (Altmaier & Hansen, 2011). Lastly but not least, fidelity means to be truthful in making honest and realistic commitments and honoring these commitments (Corey et al, 2003). It is very important to build a trusting relationship between the practitioners and the people whom they work with and thus practitioners are responsible to make sure they honor fidelity at least on their end (Altmairt & Hansen, 2011). Question 3 a) The 8 essential personal attributes of an effective counselor are emotional intelligence (EQ), warmth and care, unconditional positive attitude (regard), genuineness and authenticity, patience, analytical ability, person-centered and nurturing style of communication and lastly, clear and specific communication. Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to be able to distinguish and have self-awareness of one’s own as well as others’ emotions and feelings, and to be able to use this and guide one’s behavior and thinking, hence encourages development of emotional closeness with the client (Coetzee & Jacobs, 2006). Warmth and care is important in the therapeutic relationship in rapport building as it helps show client that the practitioner is genuinely concern (Coetzee & Jacobs, 2006). When warmth and care is present, practitioner is more aware of client’s cognitive and  emotional needs and the relationship will be more accepting towards each other (Coetzee & Jacobs, 2006). Unconditional positive attitude (regard) is important because it challenges client’s beliefs that if they do not behave in a certain way, others would not accept them. Client had to be sure that his counselor would still see him in the same way after the ‘awful truth’ is made known (Dryden, 1999). The role of genuineness simply means to be yourself; to be sincere, transparent and not putting on a false front (Palmer & Milner, 2006). This role of being genuine and authentic is one that is most challenging, as it requires one to have very high level of self-awareness (Palmer & Milner, 2006). It is important for counselors to have this quality due to the high level of trust needed in order to build effective therapeutic relationship with clients. Patience is an important attribute as different types of clients requires different amount of time to build the trust with practitioners and to be able to open up. While some clients do not have difficulty expressing themselves, some of them do find great difficulty in doing so and would then require much more patience and time from the counselor. Analytical ability is important in listening as it helps the counselor to be able to analyze his own emotions as well as facial expressions while listening to the client (Singh, 2007). In terms of case study, analytical ability is also important to the counselor in helping him to analyze and decipher the bulk of information being presented to him (Singh, 2007). Person-centeredness style of communication refers to the ability to communicate to accept another as a complete unique individual (Wood, 2009). That is to say, counselors do not form pre-conceptualized ideas on how the person is like and not make assumptions during the conversation with client. Nurturing communication occurs when parties involved in the conversation relate to each other in a caretaking manner; indicating to each other that the relationship is being valued (Wood, 2009). Last but not least, clear and specific communication is very important in ensuring that the counseling session is being communicated in the way that it is meant to, without allowing either parties involved to have any misunderstandings after the session. b) If I were to choose 3 attributes that I think are important for myself to undergo the necessary personal transformation, it would be patience, analytical ability and unconditional positive regard. I think that I sometimes lack patience in a counseling session and tend to unknowingly try to rush the conversation by interrupting and not giving client enough time to think about what was being said or asked. Also at times, client may need time for reflection, resulting in pauses during the conversation. While I understand the importance of having such ‘quiet moments’ in a counseling session, I tend to be impatient and would unknowingly try to say something to fill up these ‘uneasy moments of silence’. Analytical ability is something, which I feel I am lacked of. I find myself ‘lost’ in long lengthy conversations at times and unable to ‘process’ huge amounts of information shared. I tend to be more straight-forth in my facial expressions too, and I hope to be more cautious in this area, thus being able to give information being shared more thoughts instead of just deciphering it from the surface level. To be able to achieve complete unconditional positive regard in a conversation is I feel, requires that of a high cognitive level. As every single individual comes from a different background and different culture and social environment, unconditional positive regards is important if counselors want to build on having a therapeutic relationship with client. Without it, clients would not want to return for further therapies or might refrain from sharing certain important information, which could be helpful in the therapeutic process. References: American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Washington, DC: Author. Altmaier, E.M. & Hansen, J.C. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Counseling Psychology. NY: Oxford University Press Betan, E.J.(1997). Toward a hermeneutic model of ethical decision making in clinical practice. Ethics Behaviour, 7(4), 347-365. doi: 10.1207/s15327019eb0704_6 Coetzee, M. & Jacobs, H.R. (2006) Career Counselling and Guidance in the Workplace. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta and Company Corey, G. (2009). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (8th Ed, pp. 37) CA: Cengage Learning Corey, G., Corey, M.S. & Callanan, P. (2003). Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions. (6Th Ed) CA: Brooks/Cole Dryden, W. (1999) Four Approaches to Counselling and Psychotherapy. NY: Routledge Dolgoff, R., Loewenberg, F.M. & Harrington, D. (2008). Ethical Decisions for Social Work Practice (8Th Ed, pp. 19-23) CA: Cengage Learning Manthei, R. (1997). Counselling: The Skills of Finding Solutions to Problems. NZ: Routledge Palmer, S. & Milner, P. (2006) Integrative Stress Counselling: A Humanistic Problem-Focused Approach. GB: Sage Publications Co. Singh, K. (2007). Counselling Skills for Managers. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Wood, J.T. (2009) Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters. CA: Cengage Learning Welfel, E.R. (2012). Ethics in Counseling & Psychotherapy (5th Ed, pp. 150-160) CA: Cengage Learning.